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THIRD-PARTY NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION Curriculum and Trainer's Manual
by Daniel Hunter and George Lakey, Training for Change04
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Hundreds of training activities in detail, over 60 handouts with the content of how to defend human rights against violence, an integrated 23-day curriculum, many tips for trainers, and mini-essays on pedagogical theory -- all of this is included in the 634-page book newly available from Training for Change (TFC).
Field-tested in Southeast Asia and extensively revised, the curriculum draws from the experience of dozens of non-governmental organizations which have confronted terror and repression in the field while trying to do their work. Some of these groups go into the field with the mission of nonviolently opening space for democracy, groups like Peace Brigades International, Guatamalan Accompaniment Project, Christian Peace Teams. Other groups focus on humanitarian missions, like Doctors Beyond Borders or the International Committee for the Red Cross, and yet their workers find themselves in harm's way in the turbulent world of civil conflict. In addition, the authors consulted with military peacekeepers and academic specialists in conflict resolution.
Over a year's research, plus previous Training for Change experience in training volunteers to go into hazardous conditions, went into this book.
The field of Third Party Nonviolent Intervention is so new that the authors found themselves needing to do more work in defining four of the techniques which civilian peacekeepers use: protective accompaniment, monitoring/observing, presence, and interposition. The authors' conceptual work is explained in the book along with hand-outs and activities that clarify the concepts for the training participants. In fact, each of these four techniques has its own module, which means that an organization that practices only one or two of the techniques needs to use only the relevant modules in their trainings.
Trainers who do not specialize in third party nonviolent intervention will nevertheless find value in the book: tested ideas and exercises for cross-cultural training, how to build safety in a group, tips for evaluation of training, a variety of new activities that might be adapted, and the design concept of "threads" which weave a training into an organic whole.
Hunter and Lakey realize that trainers and organizations will selectively adopt and adapt different parts of the curriculum, so they include a chapter "How to steal from the manual." The hundreds of activities and their placement are contextualized throughout the curriculum, with transparency about pedagogical assumptions, so the trainer wanting to borrow from the curriculum can do it thoughtfully and not undermine their work by inappropriate timing or sequencing.
The curriculum includes activities that will be familiar to an experienced trainer, such as roleplays and small group discussions, but those are often given a new twist or have fresh content. Many other tools were invented specifically for this field and curriculum; even these new ones have been field-tested before inclusion in the book.
All the tools are within the approach often called "popular education," or "experiential education" -- highly participative, dynamic, and structured to elicit the knowledge and wisdom of the participants rather than to impose the expertise of the trainer. The knowledge previously generated in this field is shared with participants through a careful weaving together of information following a personal and group experience.
The dynamics of group development are explicitly used to support the learning in the curriculum. There are structured ways to assist individuals to learn to handle stress (including exploring practices from various spiritual traditions) and increase their stamina.
The authors invented three new simulations and give a full description of how to use each simulation to maximize the integration of learning. One reason integration is so important is that much of the time in training is spent enhancing various peacekeeping skills. (The choice of skills resulted from research in which a variety of organizations were asked for the core proficiencies that they look for in placing workers in hazardous field conditions.) Day after training day the participant is developing her or his security skills, their team skills, their conflict skills, and so on, and the periodic simulation gives them a chance to put these skills together and test their effectiveness in an uncertain and stressful situation.
The authors chose a multicultural approach to creating the curriculum. A criterion for inclusion in the curriculum was that an activity or exercise had worked in a variety of cultures. The educational approach is rooted in Brazilian educator Paolo Freire's liberation pedagogy, tested and developed by Training for Change in dozens of cultures. The advisory panel for the curriculum was the international training committee of Nonviolent Peaceforce, a new nongovernmental organization which collaborated closely with Training for Change in the development of the curriculum. Even the design of the curriculum itself balances the linearity often preferred in the Global North with the cyclical and spontaneous values often preferred in the Global South.
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Part of the book is available on the website of Training for Change (see the top).
Opening Space for Democracy: Table of Contents
Introduction
Using the Publication
2. How To Steal From The Manual
3. What is Third-party Nonviolent Intervention: defining accompaniment, interposition, observing/monitoring, and presence
4. TPNI Simulations: applications of the techniques
5. Skills This Curriculum Covers: Core Proficiencies
Training Curriculum
Week 1
Day 1: Orientation to the organization, training, and building a group for learning
Day 2: More capacity building, culture, team-building
Day 3: Background for TPNI
Day 4: More theory of TPNI and personal well-being skills...
Day 5: Introduction of Accompaniment
Day 6: More accompaniment, rank work, and de-escalation skills
Day 7: Accompaniment Simulation!
Week 2
Day 8: Finishing debrief of accompaniment simulation; facilitation skills
Day 9: Security (report-writing, information flow, relating to others) and Conflict Resolution
Day 10: Introduction to monitoring/observing and moving the team forward
Day 11: More security, personal reflection, and preparation for upcoming simulation
Day 12: More monitoring/observing and understanding the organizational structure
Day 13: Monitoring/Observing Simulation!
Day 14: Mid-training check-in, evaluation and moving the group forward
Week 3
Day 15 and 16: Rotating Sessions: CISD, Rank and Privilege, Driving Skills, Spiritual well-being and First Aid
Day 17: Power analysis and its use in conflict situations, plus de-stressing
Day 18: Introducing Presence
Day 19: Deepen Presence
Day: Introducing Interpositioning
Day 21: Interposition Simulation!
Week 4
Day 22: Life in the Field; Professionalism; and skilling up in any area
Day 23: Final day: Review, Evaluation and Closing ceremony
Modules & Threads
Tools
Accompaniment Role-Plays
Handouts
Prioritization: Weighing Issues to Decide Who to Accompany
Guidelines for Handling Protective Accompaniment
Monitoring/Observing Technique Module
Tools
Fishbowl Observation Challenge
Information Stations on Monitoring
Monitoring/Observing 101
Ethics of Monitoring/Observing
International Law Game Show
Handouts
Important Points to Remember for Political Observers
Documenting Human Rights Abuses
Knowing Your Legal Rights to Intervene
Human Rights Fundamentals
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Presence Technique Module
Tools
Responding to Chaos: Video Challenge
Presence Skills Arena
Handouts
Grounding, Centering and Breathing
Interposition Technique Module
Tools
Crowd Control and Interposition Quick Decisions
Handouts
Crowd Control
Theory of TPNI Thread
Tools
Pantomime for Three Applications of Nonviolent Action
Parallel lines: learning through doing [Dog Beating Role-play]
Deterrence Relay Race
Quick Decisions
Historical Roots Quest
Chair Power: Three types of power
Handouts
Three Applications of Nonviolent Action: Social Change, Social Defense, and Third-Party Nonviolent Intervention
Three Grand Strategies: Peacemaking, Peacebuilding and Peacekeeping
What is Third-party Nonviolent Intervention: defining accompaniment, interposition, observing/monitoring, and presence
Nonpartisanship
Stages of Implementing the Peace Strategies
A Political Analysis of Terror
Team-building Thread
Tools
Team Types Activity
Ankle Walk
Introduction to Morning Ritual
Participant-led Sessions
Fishbowl: "Worst meeting ever..."
Task and Maintenance: What makes groups work?
Facilitation Practice with Observers
Childhood Stories About Conflict
Concentric Circles: Success in Conflict
Active Listening in Controversy Challenge
Structured Journaling: Owning Responses to Conflict
Sociogram of Organization's Structure
Blindsquares
Electric Fence (in new work teams)
Handouts
Team Types
Things to Observe in Internal Group Dynamics
Guidelines for Giving Useful Feedback to Teammates
Introduction to the Emergency Response Network
Leadership Skills in Groups
Facilitation Skills
Active Listening: Some Helpful Hints
Conflict Resolution Processes: Tips and Strategies
Tips for Facilitators: Preparing for Meetings
Culture and Rank Thread
Tools
Closed-eye Process: Cross-Cultural Successes
Dadoo Village
Stepping Stones
Identifying Personal Rank
Photographic Culture Sharing
Step With Me
Gender Sensitivity (dealing with stereotypes)
Handouts
How Different Cultures Handle Conflict
Mainstream and Margin
Rank and Privilege
Immediate Conflict Skills Thread
Tools
De-escalation Skill Role-plays
Confidence in the Face of Violence Series
Practicing Power-with-others and Power-from-within
Practicing Presence
Handouts
Nonviolence and Guns
De-escalation Skills
Handling Heckling and Scuffles
The Usefulness of Understatements
Security Thread
Tools
Report writing challenge
Macro-Analysis Tool: International Players
Tinkertoy
Intelligence Collection Drill
Security of Information/Relating to Others Role-Plays
Cell Phones and Using Immediate Conflict Skills Role-play
Skits
Handouts
Developing a Positive Public Image
Personal Safety
How to Reduce Repressive Violence
Elements of a Good Report
Guidelines for Writing to the Public
Tips on Writing Reports and Publications
Recommendations for International Workers: Knowing the Country Context
Guidelines When Dealing with Security Personnel
Guardian Article: the increase in violent attacks on aid workers
Negotiating with the Military
Working with the Media
Tips on interviewing victims of traumatic stress
How to do Public Relations Meetings
Personal Awareness Thread
Tools
Maximize/Minimize Learning
Step In: Step Out
Sustaining Self-Care: a tool for personal awareness
Noticings
Reflection on Lessons Learned
Nonviolence Sociograms
Brainstorm: Ways to Handle Fear
Presentation of Self Series
Reflect on Maximize/Minimize List
Feedback Mingle
Stamina & Personal Motivation
Professional Identity Challenge
Handouts
Ways to Control Fear (lists from previous workshops)
Personal Well-being Thread
Tools
Curiousity Challenge (Getting to know facilitators/fellow participants)
Creating Physical Exercise Practice Groups
Peer Counseling: Practicing Intentional Support
Creating Spiritual Practice Groups
Spiritual Practice Sharing
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Intro
Reflection on Spiritual Well-being
Open Sharing
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Session
Healing Ritual
Gummy Bear Exercise
Handouts
The Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Process
The Value of the Team
Creating A Personal Support Network
Peer Support: The Art of Listening
Extra Trauma Material: Dealing with Traumatic Events
Technical Skills (mini-thread)
Handouts
Tools for Training Framework (mini-thread)
Tools
Agenda Review
The Mingle: a flexible experiential activity
Logistics Introduction
Creation of Listening Committee
Review Tools
Review Tool: People-Sized Strategy Board Game
Closing Circles
Dynamicas
Supplemental Tools
Strategy Game
Evaluating the Training
Sample Evaluation Materials
Enhancing Your Training
How To Build Safety In A Group
Using Discomfort Zones for Learning
How to Set-Up and Lead Role-Plays
Debrief Ideas
Stamina Tips
Appendices
Appendix B: Logistics Coordinator Manual
Appendix C: Bibliography
Index and Lists of Manual Resources
Complete List of Tools/Exercises (ordered by threads)
Complete List of Handouts (ordered by threads)
List of Abbreviations
